Urdu poetry ..
Formation
Urdu poetry forms itself with following basic ingredients:
* Bait (بیت)
* Bait-ul-Ghazal (بیت الغزل)
* Beher (بحر)
* Diwan (دیوان)
* Husn-E-Matla (حسنِ مطلع)
* Kalam (کلام)
* Kulyat (کلیات)
* Maqta (مقطع)
* Matla (مطلع)
* Mavra (ماوراء)
* Misra (مصرع)
* Mushaira (مشاعرہ)
* Qaafiyaa (قافیہ)
* Radif (ردیف)
* Sher (شعر)
* Shayar (شاعر)
* Shayari (شاعری)
* Tah-Tul-Lafz (تحت اللفظ)
* Takhallus (تخلص)
* Tarannum (ترنم)
* Triveni (تریوینی)
[edit] Genres
The major genres of poetry found in Urdu are:
* Doha (دوہا)
* Fard (فرد)
* Geet (گیت)
* Ghazal (غزل), as practiced by many poets in the Arab tradition. Mir, Ghalib, Dagh and Faiz are well-known composers of ghazal.
* Hamd (حمد)
* Hazal (ہزل)
* Hijv (ہجو)
* Kafi (کافی)
* Madah (مدح)
* Manqabat (منقبت)
* Marsia (مرثیہ)
* Masnavi (مثنوی)
* Munajat (مناجات)
* Musaddas (مسدس)
* Mukhammas (مخمس)
* Naat (نعت)
* Nazm (نظم)
* Noha (نوحہ)
* Qasida (قصیدہ)
* Qat'ã (قطعہ)
* Qawwali (قوالی)
* Rubai (رباعی) (a.k.a. Rubayyat or Rubaiyat) (رباعیات)
* Salam (سلام)
* Sehra (سہرا)
* Shehr a'ashob (شہر آشوب)
* Soz (سوز)
* Wasokht (وسوخت)
Foreign forms such as the sonnet, azad nazm or(Free verse) and haiku have also been used by some modern Urdu poets.
[edit] Pen names (Takhallus)
In the Urdu poetic tradition, most poets use a pen name called the takhallus. This can be either a part of a poet's given name or something else adopted as an identity. The traditional convention in identifying Urdu poets is to mention the takhallus at the end of the name. Thus Ghalib, whose official name and title was Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan, is referred to formally as Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, or in common parlance as just Mirza Ghalib. Because the takhallus can be a part of their actual name, some poets end up having that part of their name repeated, such as Faiz Ahmad Faiz.
The word takhallus is derived from Arabic, meaning "ending". This is because in the ghazal form, the poet would usually incorporate his or her pen name into the final couplet (maqta) of each poem as a type of 'signature'.
Urdu poetry forms itself with following basic ingredients:
* Bait (بیت)
* Bait-ul-Ghazal (بیت الغزل)
* Beher (بحر)
* Diwan (دیوان)
* Husn-E-Matla (حسنِ مطلع)
* Kalam (کلام)
* Kulyat (کلیات)
* Maqta (مقطع)
* Matla (مطلع)
* Mavra (ماوراء)
* Misra (مصرع)
* Mushaira (مشاعرہ)
* Qaafiyaa (قافیہ)
* Radif (ردیف)
* Sher (شعر)
* Shayar (شاعر)
* Shayari (شاعری)
* Tah-Tul-Lafz (تحت اللفظ)
* Takhallus (تخلص)
* Tarannum (ترنم)
* Triveni (تریوینی)
[edit] Genres
The major genres of poetry found in Urdu are:
* Doha (دوہا)
* Fard (فرد)
* Geet (گیت)
* Ghazal (غزل), as practiced by many poets in the Arab tradition. Mir, Ghalib, Dagh and Faiz are well-known composers of ghazal.
* Hamd (حمد)
* Hazal (ہزل)
* Hijv (ہجو)
* Kafi (کافی)
* Madah (مدح)
* Manqabat (منقبت)
* Marsia (مرثیہ)
* Masnavi (مثنوی)
* Munajat (مناجات)
* Musaddas (مسدس)
* Mukhammas (مخمس)
* Naat (نعت)
* Nazm (نظم)
* Noha (نوحہ)
* Qasida (قصیدہ)
* Qat'ã (قطعہ)
* Qawwali (قوالی)
* Rubai (رباعی) (a.k.a. Rubayyat or Rubaiyat) (رباعیات)
* Salam (سلام)
* Sehra (سہرا)
* Shehr a'ashob (شہر آشوب)
* Soz (سوز)
* Wasokht (وسوخت)
Foreign forms such as the sonnet, azad nazm or(Free verse) and haiku have also been used by some modern Urdu poets.
[edit] Pen names (Takhallus)
In the Urdu poetic tradition, most poets use a pen name called the takhallus. This can be either a part of a poet's given name or something else adopted as an identity. The traditional convention in identifying Urdu poets is to mention the takhallus at the end of the name. Thus Ghalib, whose official name and title was Mirza Asadullah Beg Khan, is referred to formally as Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib, or in common parlance as just Mirza Ghalib. Because the takhallus can be a part of their actual name, some poets end up having that part of their name repeated, such as Faiz Ahmad Faiz.
The word takhallus is derived from Arabic, meaning "ending". This is because in the ghazal form, the poet would usually incorporate his or her pen name into the final couplet (maqta) of each poem as a type of 'signature'.
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